He ʻano pākaukau ʻo Lithium{0}}ion e hoʻohana ana i ka metala lithium a i ʻole nā mea hao lithium ma ke ʻano he mea electrode maikaʻi/negative a me kahi ʻano mea hoʻoheheʻe electrolyte wai ʻole. Ua noi ʻia a noiʻi ʻia e Gilbert N. Lewis i ka makahiki 1912 ka pākaukau metala lithium mua loa. Ma muli o nā waiwai kemika reactive o ka metala lithium, ʻo kāna hana ʻana, mālama ʻana, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana e koi i nā mana kaiapuni. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana, ua lilo nā pā lithium i mea nui.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale nui ʻia nā ʻakika Lithium-ion i ʻelua ʻano: ʻo nā pākahi metala lithium a me nā ʻeke lithium-ion. ʻAʻole i loaʻa i nā ʻakika Lithium{3}}ion lithium metala a hiki ke hoʻouka hou ʻia. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka lima o ka hanauna o nā ʻakomi hiki ke hoʻokuʻu hou ʻia, ʻo ka pākaukau metala lithium, i ka makahiki 1996, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kona palekana, ka mana kikoʻī, ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana iā ia iho, a me ka lākiō kumukūʻai hana ma mua o nā ʻona lithium{8}}ion. Ma muli o kāna mau koi ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe, ʻo nā ʻoihana wale nō ma nā ʻāina liʻiliʻi e hana i kēia ʻano pākaukau lithium metal.
